![]() ![]() The immense pressure keeps this layer solid (opens in new tab) despite the high temperatures capable of softening the rocks, according to National Geographic. Heat and pressure in the lower mantle are much greater than in the upper mantle. ![]() It makes up 55% of Earth by volume and experiences pressure from 237,000 atm to 1.3 million atm towards the outer core. The lower mantle refers to the layer between the outer core and asthenosphere. Temperature: 6,692 degrees F to 1,832 degrees F (3,700 degrees C to 1,000 degrees C)Ĭomposition: Magnesium, silicon and oxygen Thickness: Approximately 1,800 miles (2,900 km) The mantle can be further divided into the upper and lower mantle (also known as the mesospheric mantle), with the upper mantle containing two distinct regions: the asthenosphere and the lower portion of the lithosphere. ![]() The mantle is the largest and thickest layer of Earth, making up 84% of the planet's total volume, according to National Geographic. We still have a few billions of years of protection left though. That will be bad news for our planet as the magnetic field protects us from harmful cosmic radiation. Magnetism inside Earth's core is approximately 50 times stronger than it is on the surface.Įventually, the entire core will solidify and Earth's magnetic field will cease to exist. The swirling motion of the outer core generates Earth's magnetic field in a process called geodynamo, according to NASA Earth Sciences (opens in new tab). The solidification of the outer core releases heat which drives convection currents in the outer core that helps to generate Earth's magnetic field. Remarkably, the inner core "grows" by about 0.039 inches (one millimeter) every year, which equates to the solidification of 8,820 tons (8,000 tonnes) of molten iron every second according to an article published in The Conversation (opens in new tab). As it cools, the liquid outer core crystallizes and becomes part of the solid inner core. Temperature: Between 8,132 degrees F and 9,932 degrees F (4,500 degrees C and 5,500 degrees C).Įarth's interior is gradually cooling over time. Temperatures in the outer core are between 8,132 degrees F and 9,932 degrees F (4,500 degrees C and 5,500 degrees C). The outer core is approximately 1,367 miles (2,200 km) thick and composed of liquid iron and nickel. The boundary between the inner and outer core is known as the Lehman Seismic Discontinuity, according to (opens in new tab). Outer coreĮarth's outer core is sandwiched between the inner core and the mantle. The primary contributors to the inner core's heat are the decay of radioactive elements such as uranium, thorium and potassium in Earth's crust and mantle, residual heat from planetary formation, and heat emitted by the solidification of the outer core.Įarth's inner core rotates in the same direction as the surface of the planet but rotates ever so slightly faster, completing one extra rotation every 1,000 years or so. Pressure: Nearly 3.6 million atmospheric pressure (atm) In Africa, that figure is 66%,” the report stated.Temperature: About 9,392 degrees Fahrenheit (5,200 degrees C) In particular, the LPI data reveals that between 19, monitored wildlife populations in Latin America and the Caribbean region have dropped by 94% on average. “The WWF is extremely concerned about this trend given that these geographical areas are some of the most biodiverse in the world. Graphic shows global wildlife decline and the Living Planet Index by region. Wildlife populations have fallen by more than two-thirds in less than 50 years as humanity pushes the planet’s life support systems to the edge, according to a report by the conservation group WWF. ![]() The Living Planet Index (LPI), provided within the report by ZSL (Zoological Society of London), shows it is within tropical regions that monitored vertebrate wildlife populations are plummeting at a particularly staggering rate. The WWF said that this year’s report made use of the largest dataset yet, featuring almost 32 000 populations of 5 230 species. ![]()
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